Balkans: History And Historiography Kitabı Çıktı

The eight articles and book chapters included in this volume were written in the course of several decades during which I worked, be it as graduate student, research assistant or professor of history, at the universities of Frankfurt am Main, Gießen, Berlin (Freie Universität) and Bochum. They address questions and issues related to the social, economic and political history of the Balkans under Ottoman rule in general and how they were answered or discussed in the framework of national historiographies in particular. Although some of the arguments propounded in these texts may seem today rather outdated or of little relevance to current discourses, there are others that might be considered as still valid. At any rate, I have been persuaded to publish these texts, not least in order to make them easily accessible to students in the field.

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgements 5

Contents 7

The Macedonian Question: The Socio-Economic Reality and Problems

of Its Historiographic Interpretation 11

Land Tenure Relationships, 1878-1913 13

Urban Development in Macedonia under the Ottomans 26

The Razlovech Uprising of 1876 35

Tradition and Rural Change in Southeastern Europe During Ottoman Rule 45

Agriculture and Settlement at the Time of the Ottoman Conquest 49

The Classical Ottoman Land Regime 54

Rural Change During the Seventeenth Century 63

Export-Oriented Agriculture and the Ottoman Landholding 74

Category Çiftlik 74

Conclusion 89

The Macedonians in the Ottoman Empire, 1878-1912 93

Introduction 93

General Conditions 94

Social and Economic Conditions 94

Political System 99

The Millet System 100

The Secular Concept of Ottomanism 100

The Influence of the Great Powers 101

Macedonia and the Neighbouring Nation-States 102

The Young Turk Opposition 103

The National Movement and its Activists 104

History of the National Movement 104

The Church Question in Macedonia 104

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 105

The Ilinden Uprising of 1903 107

The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 109

The Balkan Wars of 1912-3 and the Partition of Macedonia 110

Formation of the National Elite 111

Organisational Structure, Channels of Communication and the National Elite 115

The Ottoman Government and the National Elite 119

State of Research 121

The National Question and the Development of Socialism:

The Case of Ottoman Macedonia 125

Social and Economic Conditions in Ottoman Macedonia 126

The Emergence of the Macedonian Question 131

Socialists and the Macedonian Liberation Movement 133

The Attempted Uprising of 1895 and the Socialists 135

Socialist Polemic about Participation in the Macedonian Movement136

The Macedonian Socialist Group 138

Anarchists in the Macedonian Revolutionary Movement Socialists  and the Ilinden Uprising 140

Federalism, Socialism and the IMRO 141

The Young Turk Revolution and the Socialists 144

The Young Turk Programme of 1908 150

The Strike Movement of 1908 and the CUP 153

Conclusion 157

The Ottoman Peasantries, c. 1360 - c. 1860 159

Agriculture and Settlement in the Late Medieval Period 164 Peasantries in an Expanding Empire:  The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 171

Status and Taxation 171

Settlement, Agriculture, Population 185

Tax-Farmers, Brigands and Sharecroppers: Rural Life in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 195

From Sipahi to Tax-Farmer 195

Çiftliks and Commercial Agriculture 202

Forms of Peasant Protest 209

Peasants and Petitioners 209

Haiduks and Klephts 210

Peasantries and Agriculture at the End of the Ottoman Ancien Régime: First Half of the Nineteenth Century 216

The Socio-political Environment of Balkan Nationalism: the Case of Ottoman Macedonia, 1856-1912 221

Historiographical Traditions 222

The Orthodox Church and Ottoman Legitimacy 222

The Cultural Isolation of Balkan Christians from Europe 224

The Paradigm of Ottoman Decline 228

Nationalist Challenge and Ottoman Response 230

The Ottoman State and the European State System 232

The Uprisings in Serbia and Greece 232 Ottomanism as State Nationalism 233

The Ottoman Constitution of 1876 233

Ottoman Macedonia and the Macedonian Question 239

Social and Economic Conditions 239

The Emergence of the Macedonian Question 242

Attitudes and Possible Solutions 244 The Bulgarian Cause 244

The Regime of Abdulhamid II 245

The Young Turks and the IMRO 247

Concluding Remarks 247

Balkan Historiography Related to the Ottoman Empire since 1945 255

The Formation of a ‘Muslim’ Nation in Bosnia-Hercegovina:

A Historiographic Discussion 275

Introduction: Bosnian Muslims and South Slav nationalism 275

Bosnia under Ottoman rule: history-writing and nation-formation 293

Bosniaks – why did they embrace Islam? 295

Questions of ethnic origin – Muslim Slavs or 'Turks'? 301

Conclusion: historiography and national politics 314

Bibliography 319

Index 389

Yazar: Fikret Adanır

Yayınevi: Eren Yayıncılık

ISBN: 9789756372555

Boyut: 16.5 X 24.5 cm.

Sayfa Sayısı: 400

Basım Yılı: Nisan 2014

Basım Yeri: İstanbul

Cilt Durumu: Karton kapak

Kağıt Türü: 1. Hamur

Dil: İngiilizce